CELL unit of life

 we study about cell in biology.What is a cell,cell is the smallest unit and structural and functional unit of life.

cell was first discovered by Robert Hook in 1665 cell forms tissues tissues forms organ organ forms organ system of body 

Multicellular:- means many cells humans animals

Procaryotic cell:-very primitive having nucleus

eucaryotic cell not having nucleus

study of cell is called cytology

types of cells:- there are hundreds of cells

1 Blood cells :-again three types 

a red blood cells:- carrying oxygen 

b white blood cells:- fight against  diseases protect immune system

c platelets:- helps in clotting of blood

Bone cells:-  three types of bone cells

a osteoclast 

b osteoblast  c  osteocytes 

3 Muscular cells:-Its performs  many functions like movement support

4Fat cells:- they stored  fats and gives energy 

5 Nerve cells  also called neurons  they carry messages of the brain

 there are many only few are discuss here

Molecules of life

 In Biology and Biotecnology we study about molecules of life. Today we will discuss about it.

Moleceules of life:-There are four molecules of life.

1 Protein

2Crabohydrate

3LIPIDS

4Amino acids

1 Protein:- Proteins are the building block of living things It gives energy to all living beings. It is very essential for living beings  for development growth,cells functions It helps in repairing  and building tissues of the body. It contains chains of amino acids All the 20 amino acids are found in protein naturally. Protein synthesis in ribosomes of cells. Structure of protiens are very complex  

2 Carbohydrates:-  It gives instant energy to living organism. It contains atoms of carbon hydrogen and oxygen starch ,sugar, fibers are all carbohydrates.  Carbohydrates foun in many natural foods potato rice sugarcane milk fructose found in honey fruits and vegetables 

carbohydrates are classified into three 

1Monosaccrides :-  means one sugar unit  these are simple  carbohydrate they have special roles. 

There are 3 types 

1 Glucose 

2 Fructose

3 Galactose 

1Glucose gives instant energy

2Fructose is sweatest sugar found in honey fruits

3 Galactose found in milk and dairy products 

2 Disaccrides:- are two sugar unites or two jioned monosaccrides . there are two types

1Sucrose:-  this is common kind of sugar found in foods these are sweater.When they are proceed they separated their sugars and gives energy 

2 Lactose:- found in milk products  It is white in colour ,water soluble  Itis mostly used in food industry It is not sweet in taste 

3 Maltose:-  These are commonly malt and are found in mostly cereals  It is found in wheat  barlry  It is also founds in fruits like peaches  plums Function of maltose is digest the food 

3 Polysacchrides :- as its name poly means many or large chains of monosaccrides units contains more than  ten monosacchrides units  they can store starch cellulose, starch andglycogen, chitin are common  examples   

cellulose plant walls is made up of cellulose 

Glycogen madeof large chains of molecules and stored energy in animals. 

3Chitin:- madeup of chains of glucose found in animals exoskeleton insects fungi etc 

Lipids :- lipids are generally fats ,oils waxs  vitamins  A D E K, sterols it is structural and functional block of living beings  Its function is to store energy  they are not soluble in water these also have types .

4 Amino acids they are total 20 amino acids It contains carboxyl functional groups They are building block of proteins  carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen are present their function is synthesis of harmones, neurotransmeter  All 20 amino acids are useful for us

.Saunf

p

palash

benefits of palash

helpful in mouth diseases. It cures Piles Maintain sugar level . Palash used in swelling also .Helps in urine problems. Heals in wounds. Helps in diarrhea. Helps in night Blindness. Seeds  are  useful in   Eczema and itching. Helps in circulation

palash   known as Khakhar, Dhak, Tesu Palash commonly.It is very common plant but it has many benefits. It contain Iron and calcium .It gives energy It cures. Helps in appetite, ulcers, goiter.

 

 

Benefits of Saunf

                Saunf or fennel seed widely used in our daily food It helps in digestion It improves eye sights It also boost our memory It is helpful in weight loss. It is also used infertility problems. Helps in swelling.

 

Benefits of amla

 

Benefits of Amla

                Amla  benefits are enormous very useful for everyone from kids to old. Helps in ageing Improves eye sight. Tonic for brain. It recover body tissues , stronger the teeth, bones. Helps in hair fall grey hair used as mouth freshener.

oxygen giving plants

 

oxygen is very essential for living beings both for plants and animals .in a current situation consumption of oxygenic raised  some plants that give oxygen in night also and  if you plant those plants and trees you will get free oxygen no need to pay much. they are very common plants

1- Tulsi:  tulsi also known as holy basil. It is found in India. purifies the air and gives oxygen in night also large amount of oxygen is released from this plant tulsi is regarded as a medicinal plant its pungent smell is useful in anxiety and depression around 20 hours it gives oxygen.

2-Aloevera plant:-Aloevera is a very common plant found everywhere in India .It grows easily with single leaf. No care is required very useful plant gives oxygen in night also purify the air. besides these very beneficial plant in healing.

3-Snake plant:- is a very common in homes  absorbs  carbon di oxide continously and gives large amount of oxygen  keeps to clean the atmosphere

4 -Areca plant;- indoor plants also known as yellow palm or golden palm found in India and Phillipins .Sunlight requirement is very less  likes shady area gives oxygen in night and in large amount.

5- Money plant :- very common plant in Indian houses grow very easily less care is required this  plant also release large amount of oxygen.

6- Gerbera or Daisy:- is very beautiful and ornamental plant. Orange and yellow colour gerbera release oxygen  in large amount in night and day It cures breath and sleep disorders.

7-Chamomile plant:-medicinal plant it also gives oxygen

All these plants which  are discussed above  are very cheapest plants we can take oygen very easily. Besides these plants some trees are also oxygen giver.

1- Neem;-tree is known as air purifier tree. found everywhere in India .Each and every part of this tree is useful gives oxygen in night also

2- Peepal;-release a oxygen in night. gives maximum hours of oxygen

3 Banyan tree:-It gives oxygen  around 20 hours

 

 

Benefits of Ashwagandha

                It is useful  to maintain diabetes, high BP and also regulates hormonal imbalances. It contains high amount of calcium and potassium so very useful in joints pain, Arthritis. it is useful in throats diseases,  hair problems especially in grey hair and growth of hair. Its increases eyesight, helpful in anxiety ,depression. boost memory. very useful  for women in infertility problems. It helps to conceives easily it cures white discharge, effective for muscles . useful in weakness and  helpful in TB. It cures constipation, cholesterol. Used as powdered form its benefits are innumerable a small but wonderful herbs found in hilly areas of India.  its root and leaves powder are used Ashwagandha means  power just like horse it gives too much power.

 

 

Horticulture

 

Horticulture

                Biotechnology has  many branches horticulture is one of them .Now a days it is widely used. firstly horticulture means gardening of flowers fruits nuts for  ornamental and commercial purposes. horticulture related to plant technology  which are useful for human welfare for horticulture, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, marketing are studied.

Classification of horticulture are as follows

1. Pomology:-  Production of fruits.

2. Floriculture:- Cultivation of flowers.

3. Landscape:- For Ornamental plants and its maintenance.

How it built.

                A vast a land is required for making  garden in which cultivation can be done. A green house is made for protection of plants, Organic manure, Organic insecticides are used in this cultivation. High technology used in vegetable cultivation, all the tools are required for gardening, proper sun light, water, air are required and a good quality of soil for plants growth. good weather are also necessary.           

India is a land of agriculture so scope of horticulture is vast.  

 

Plants are classified in to

 

1. Annual:- plants are grown once in a year, like maize,

2. Biennia:- those plants which grow and developed in one season and bears fruits in another season.                          for   example, carrot, radish, cabbage, 

3. Perennial:- those plants having life cycle for more than one year. for example, Gerbera.

4. Climber:- Flowers, Vegetables, Fruits come under climbers, bottle guards, beans, watermelon,                                                    cucumber, pita guards, grabs, trumpet, win, aparajita, rose etc.

 

 

classification of plants

1 . fruits:- Apples, pomegranate grapes, bananas, pineapple, peach

2. flowering plants:-chrysanthemum, trumpet wine, gerbera gladiolus rose jasmine for perfume                          production jasmine roses mogra  are cultivated on large scale

3. Aromatic plants:- nutmeg, saffron, kewda, lemon grass basil, henna are cultivated

4. spices:- cardamom, clove, poppy, black pepper, star anise turmeric are cultivated for commercial    purposes.

 

cutting and pruning of plants:-

1. cutting and pruning can be done from time to time to bears more fruits and flowers.

2. watering of plants at proper amounting adequate amount.

3. sprinkle of organic insecticides for plants  protection.

 

Conclusion:-

Horticulture is very valuable and vast branch of biotechnology. It gives more earning if done in proper way India covers large amount of horticulture projects.