Apiculture useful and profitable

 

Apiculture   rearing and management of honey bees for commercial purposes is called apiculture. This is a very popular source of income  .It doesnt require more money it can be done with little amount

Along with honey wax also obtained from apiculture. Honey is  regarded very nutritious from past it is used in unani ayurvedic medicines.Wax is used in making lotions, lipstics,  candles. 

Types of honey bees

1) Miniature Bee (Little Honey Bee or Apis Floras): These are small bees living in nature and often live up to a height of 300 meters in the plains. They usually make their hive in the bushes. They are sitting in more than one layer on top of the honeycomb. One honeycomb gives 200-250 g

 2) Rock Bee (Apis dor Sata): These bees are big. They make their hive on the branch of the tree. They cover their hive like a curtain. Up to 5 kg of honey can be obtained from one honeycomb. These flies keep migrating from the plains to the mountains for a long distance. Thus they are able

3) Indian Bee (Apis cerana):.

 These bees of Asian origin are also called Indian bees. They are reared in most parts of India and honey is produced on a commercial scale. It produces 12 to 15 kg of honey climatic conditions and bad weather to withstand adverse 

4  Western Bee or Apis Melifera:

This bee is followed the most in the world and the most trade is done for its honey.They are elongated in comparison to other bees. There has been great success in following it in North-West India. They produce 40 kg of honey in a year.

Requirement of space for beekeeping 

It is necessary to choose such a place, around which 2-3 km. Trees and plants should be in abundance in the area,so that pollen and nectar can be available for a longer time.The place for the installation of the box should be flat and there should be proper drainage.

The orchard or orchard near the place should not be too dense so that the movement of air can be smooth during the summer season.

Where the silence room is to be established, the place should be shady.That place should be controlled from termites and ants.

It is necessary to have a distance of four to five meters between two monasteries, they should not be arranged in a row and should be planted in a scattered form. 50 to 100 monasteries can be established at one place.In front of each box, there should be a special tree or sign for identification so that the bees can enter their own silence.

 Measures should be taken to protect the sanctum from the outbreak of waxy moth.At the time of inspection, it should be noted that there is no moisture in the silence room, otherwise it should be dried by showing sunlight.

Advantages of beekeeping

Increase in crop production- In crops in which fertilization takes place by pollination, in crops, horticulture, forestry crops, on average, 15 to 30 percent increase in production by the process of pollination by bees. For this growth, the farmer does not have to make any kind of investment from his sources and by following it, honey is obtained in the form of a product.

Honey production – Bees keep their hive in cells by converting and refining the stored inflorescences, which must be quickly exploited. The honey bees of its honeycomb are thrown into the baby section and the honeycomb of the honeycomb becomes empty. Honey is extracted by placing these hives in a honey removal machine.

Production of Royal Jelly- Royal Jelly is the most natural nutritious substance of nature, whose regular consumption leads to long life and persistence. 

Pollen (Production of Pollen) - Worker bees bring pollen from flowers, which is easily collected by a pollen collection device.

Production by making beeswax- Wax is produced by wax removal and wax refining. It is a pure and naturally produced beeswax, which is used in the preparation of cosmetic ingredients and wax base sheets for beekeeping.

Bee life cycle There are four stages of the life cycle in a bee, namely- (1) egg (2) larva (3) pupa (4) adult

For the selection of place for beekeeping, 

1. It is necessary that there should be abundance of trees and plants in the area of ​​2 to 3 km, in which pollen and nectar can be found throughout the year.

2.  Strong winds should not have a direct effect on the place, if the place is not a shady tree, then an unnaturally shady place should be made there.

 3. The place should be a little away from the main road, the land should be flat and the drainage should be proper.

4. Nearby clean and running water is essential for beekeeping.

 5. A newly planted garden is suitable for this, a more dense garden also prevents air from coming in during the summer season.

6. Undesirable visitors can be stopped by putting fencing or hedge around the site.

7. Keep row to row distance of 10 feet and box to box distance of 3 feet in apiary, boxes should be kept scattered in a row, 50 to 100 boxes can be kept at one place.

 

 

Organic farming of wheat

 Organic farming of wheat is that method of production, in which natural resources are used for the production of crops. The most important component for organic farming is cow dung. Therefore, when preparing the field for organic farming, more and more cow dung is mixed in it. Cow dung solution and naturally prepared manure are given to the plants through the water. Manure of cow dung helps in restoring the fertility of the soil lost during mining. In organic farming, the use of synthetic chemicals, fertilizers, chemical pests, and disease controllers, and growth factor elements is prohibited. Wheat crop is cultivated in almost all the states of India. In plains, wheat is mostly grown in irrigated and fertile land. If organic fertilizers are used than chemical fertilizers and fertilizers, then the fertility and water holding capacity of the land remain for a long time as well as the cost is also less. For productivity, loamy soil is best; all types of land are suitable for organic farming of wheat. Wheat can be cultivated on different types of land. It is suitable for medium loamy and loamy loam soils with a pH range of 6.5-7.8 and a drainage system containing more than 1% organic carbon. For organic farming of wheat, farmers should adopt local varieties and sowing of indigenous varieties.

For organic farming of wheat, 15 days before sowing, after scattering 25 to 30 tons per hectare of well-rotted manure or vermicompost in the field, plow the field well and level the field by running a pat. Mix well-decomposed cow dung or compost 10 to 15 days before sowing Trichoderma powder, before sowing, spread the treated manure in the field, with the use of Trichoderma, fungal and fungal diseases are effectively prevented. The amount of seed for organic farming of wheat depends on the time, soil moisture, and method of sowing, and grain of the variety. Seeds should be sown in rows. For organic farming of wheat, treat the seed with bio-fertilizers 3 to 5 hours before sowing, Wet one kilogram of seed by splashing it with water. Put 5 to 10 grams of PSB, 5 to 10 grams of Azotobacter powder in it, put a layer of bacterial fertilizers on the seeds, and dry them in the shade, immediately after drying, sow the seeds in the morning or evening. For the organic crops of wheat, it is necessary to have moisture in the field at the time of sowing. Sowing should be done by a plow in the litter at depth of 4 to 5 cm. Keep the distance of rows 19 to 23 cm. If the irrigation system is available, irrigation should be given before sowing or 30-40 days after sowing.

For organic farming of wheat, keep the crop frees from weeds, to control weeds, it is beneficial to do weeding twice in the wheat crop. For organic farming of wheat, the incidence of pests in wheat is very less in plain and mountainous areas. Occasional infestations of moths and rats have also been observed. Termites can damage the crop at any stage of crop growth. This problem is more prominent in rain-fed areas than in irrigated areas, at the time of sowing, the use of neem leaf manure (5 quintal/ha) or neem manure (1 quintal/ha) can be avoided from the attack of termites. Adding a mixture of lime and sulfur in the ground reduces the infestation of termites.

Before seed treatment, ensure that the seeds are healthy, uniform in size, and free from any insect damage or disease. Use pure and certified seeds for organic wheat crops. Use seeds from healthy crops this is tolerant and resistant to diseases and pests. Spraying of organic fungicides Pseudomonas, fluorescent, and Trichoderma at 10 gm per liter of water. When the grain is cooked or the sound of a cut comes when it is plucked from the mouth, then it should be understood that the crop is ready for harvesting. The average productivity of organically grown wheat ranges between 40-50 QTL/ha.

Organic farming is absolutely necessary to maintain soil, environment, and human health. It will also help in reducing the cost of production in agriculture. Along with improving soil fertility, farmers' income will also increase.